Theology and Theologians Differences and Similarities

Theology and Theologians: Differences and Similarities Theology is such a rich and challenging field because it concerns itself with questions related directly to human existence, which are manifested by the act of living and which can only be answered, fundamentally by the act of living. This can be a divine mystery and an endeavor which requires much courage as theres an inherent bond between the question and answer. Tillich is a thinker who depends on the connections between ontology and these existential questions of human existence. Examining the relationship between Tillich and process theology is a fascinating endeavor. Process Theology departs from traditional Christian beliefs mainly because of its view of the HYPERLINK http://www.theopedia.com/Nature o Nature nature of HYPERLINK http://www.theopedia.com/God o God God and His relationship to the universe. Many critics relate this deviance to the low view of Scripture held by Process Theologians who by and large deny the HYPERLINK http://www.theopedia.com/Inspiration o Inspiratio n divine inspiration of the HYPERLINK http://www.theopedia.com/Bible o Bible Bible (Theopedia.com). Others still see process theology as a form of panentheism which dictates that view Gods relationship to the world, as akin to the souls relationship to the body (theopedia.com). When it comes to Tillichs amount of overlaps with the process theologians, there are many areas of overlap. First, both criticize theirShow MoreRelatedThe Fields Of Philosophy And Theology1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe fields of philosophy and theology are often grounds of debate. While some hold these two to be relevant and dependent on each other, others find them to be completely independent of each other. In John D. Caputo’s work, Philosophy and Theology, he expresses his view of these fields as companions. Caputo states, â€Å"Think of philosophers and theologians as fellow sailors on [the] ocean,† depicting his view of the interdependence of these two fields (Caputo 69). Through his illustration we can findRead MoreChristian Theology And Feminist Theology1699 Words   |  7 Pagesmodern day theologians to define the word â€Å"theology,† it is likely that they would hear ten different answers. Even within the various types of theology, for example, Christ ian theology, there are a wide spectrum of attitudes and beliefs. Even more so, if one were to compare evangelical theology with feminist theology, the differences would add up quickly. Two modern day theologians, Stanley Grenz and Catherine Keller, well known in their respective fields, have approached their theology from differentRead MoreThe Philosophy And Philosophy Of Ibn Al- à ¸ Arab Æ’â„ ¢765 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy and Theology The main themes of the book consist of epistemological tools, i.e. revelation, the human intellect, inspiration-unveiling used by Ibn al-Ê ¿ArabÄ « and Ibn Taymiyya, and a theological subject, the divine names and attributes that they have detailed elaborations on it. Synopsis: The purpose of the book is to focus on potential similarities found in epistemological hierarchies of Ibn al-Ê ¿ArabÄ « (d. 1240) and Ibn Taymiyya (d. 1328), and reflections of these similarities on their theologiesRead MoreThe Christian Doctrine Of The Trinity943 Words   |  4 Pagesfact that Nicene concept of Trinity is never stated in the Bible, and it is that early Christians as well as the scriptures clearly points out the fact that Jesus was fully divine and pre-existent. For the fact that, none of the early Christian theologians fully asserted the doctrine of the Trinity, not even a speculation about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. According to the father of the paganism description of Trinity God can in no way be described. (Schindler 148). In the 4th century thereRead MoreAl Ghazali On God s Attributes Essay2170 Words   |  9 Pagesfield that has been studied for a very long time by different religions. Muslim, Jewish and Christian philosophers and theologians have been on the forefront with all efforts aimed at coming to an agreement. Apart from arguments based on the scriptural description of God, there has been a need to understand the divinity and also the nature of the attributes. Philosophers and theologians experienced difficulties on the affirmation of some of the attributes, for example, the divine oneness of God. ThisRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Of Science And Religion1585 Words   |  7 PagesZamora Gabriela Professor: R. Stringer Friday English 101 Class 12/05/14 Similarities and Differences of Science and Religion Where do we come from? Why are we here? And What is our purpose are questions that many of us ask ourselves sometime. During the debate on, Does Science Refutes God?, it is well seen that science can overthrow the credibility of God because science has a lot of relevant studies and conclusions, but it certainly does not refute God. It is clearly seen that shermer and KrauzeRead MoreChapter One Of Sensus Fidei Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pageson the development of the phrase, sensus fidei, which describes the infallibility of the Church through an examination of Scripture and the history of the Church. Chapter one starts by describing faith as it appears in the New Testament and its similarity to the understanding of faith in the Old Testament. The author determines that the idea of faith in Scripture is the proclamation and obedience to the Word of God. However, Chapter one goes on to describe how the infallibility of faith stems fromRead MorePhilosophy, Phenomenology And Comparative Approachs851 Words   |  4 Pagesphenomena. This method also allows for the comparative of practices within religions. Last we have the comparative religion approach. The comparative method is a comparison of religions and religious practices. With this approach we can see similarities and the differences of religions. In the study of comparative religion, we can look at Dharma based religions such as Buddhism and Hinduism. Gautama Buddha whose teachings founded Buddhism are mentioned as an Avatar of Vishnu in the Puranic texts of HinduismRead MoreCompare And Contrast Christianity And Islam1031 Words   |  5 Pageschallenges to each other. Considering the similarities and differences of Christianity and Islam, it can be said they are both very different. Comparing the two religions, is simpler due to the clear difference between the beliefs of the religions as well as practices in worship. The historic origin of the two religions was much easier especially that of Christianity which begun as a Jewish sect in the Mediterranean and Islam in the 7th century. The differences between the two are the holy books theRead MoreThe Argument Of Creation Vs. Evolution2468 Words   |  10 Pageswas an accomplished Theologian and Philosopher who wrote Summa Theologiae and in his work he presented 5 instances or proofs that a creator exists. Aquinas’s approach is considered a cosmological argument which serves to explain the existence of a higher being. Cosmological arguments focuses on the exact nature of the universe and how this higher being fits into the creation of this universe. William Paley also wrote an argument about creationism. Paley wrote Natural Theology, which argued living

Video Games are our Downfall Essay - 1404 Words

Video Games are our Downfall People say so much is wrong with our generation, but no one knows what causes all the problems; they do not know whether or not it is a national, government related or just the family-oriented problems. Whether it is lack of discipline or bad parenting, it may be both of those things. But, it just can not be the problem it has to be a cluster of problems. The biggest problem in the cluster is video games. They offer a great escape from reality and are very entertaining, but the world would be much better off without them. Video games are not just put on the shelf and instantly become a huge hit. Im positive it doesnt happen that way. There has got to be influence on the person in order for them to pursue or†¦show more content†¦Its also having a very negative affect it portrays violence, sex, drugs, alcohol in the media has been known to adversely affect the behaviors of children and adolescents.† (Earls, Alexander, Johnson, Liverpool,and McGhee). When the media puts this out on the line, it makes kids think this behavior is normal and and or acceptable and it is by far and away not by any means. An influence not many people would think of are our friends they are with us through the good times and the bad, It is no wonder that some their opinions would rub off on us. Friends are the second biggest influence in our lives besides family and they are essential for life. Friends have many influences, Friendfluence is the powerful and often unappreciated roll a friends- past and present -play in determining our sense of self and the direction of our lives(Whitbourne). They introduce new foods to us as well as activities, life skills, and many other things. But that is just it, they introduce you to new things,which means they open doors for you to be influenced by many things that you dont usually get Influenced by some are great and others bad. Friends are not bad they are actually good and very important early friendships played a vital role because they occur a walk he developmental changes are taking place ne). Childhood friends only introduce you to the new house that benefi cial for the child? It cant because thats the only thing theShow MoreRelatedAn Interview with a Video Gamer Essay558 Words   |  3 PagesIn this meeting, Andrew Wong happily proclaims his love for video games. At 23 in the military, with his own house and eccentric personality, he plays every weekend. He’s even into comic books and all the latest hit TV shows—he enjoys the witty humor and is enticed by the creativity. â€Å"Nevertheless,† he says, â€Å"my best memories lie with video games.† As his fellow co-workers claim, he’s the ultimate nerd. Wong is conscious of those stereotypes. He knows it’s unpopular to be a nerd—described by RachelRead MoreAdvertisements are Mental Pollutants641 Words   |  3 Pages† Stephen Garey makes a powerful argument about advertising. We need to change our views of advertising and fully recognize its powerful and collective effects. Focus groups and other forms of testing have proven that the majority of ads are useless and unsuccessful. â€Å"It’s been estimated that 80 to 85 percent of all advertising is neither consciously seen or remembered by the consuming public,† yet it is still in our brains. Nonetheless, there is a direct connection between an individual’s exposureRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Today s Society1326 Words   |  6 Pagestoday’s society, the computers we have now compared to the ones in the past, vary greatly. Back then, we could not do the many things that we could today with our technology. Our technology has gro wn tremendously throughout the years and with this technology, we have been able to accomplish a vast amount of things. With this exponential rate of our technology, it opens many opportunities for us. Also, it could possibly open up to the ‘Singularity’. In that case, there will be many outcomes of the singularityRead MoreUnderstanding The Cultural Context And Impact Of Computer Games1451 Words   |  6 PagesComputer Games Introduction This essay will be examining the cultural position of computer games and how the relationship between computer games and the older forms/methods of media it will hopefully explore fully the public’s perception of computer games and how the perception has evolved and how are games used today in many ways to help people do different things. The cultural effects of video gaming when we all think of video games today there is most likely one thing that pops into our head whichRead MoreViolent Video Games and Bad Behavior1531 Words   |  7 Pagesadvanced technology at our disposal. From the World Wide Web, to cell phones, music, movies and video games the human race has thought of any and everything to keep us entertained. Over the years studies have shown reasonable concerns regarding the long-term effects of video games. These games can desensitize gamers to real life violence, which is usually seen in the younger crowd. The studies especially hit on the games containing player-on-player violence. Though these games are extremely entertainingRead MorePositive Effects Of Video Games Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesdie-hard video game fan at home? Are you noticing changes in his behavior of late? Is his school performance going down because of his video game addiction? Well, if you relate to any of these situations, then you must give our post on how video games affect teenagers a read. If you are a mother, chances are that you have a teenager who is a die-hard fan of video games. It is a great source of recreation for teens. Although these games have been around for decades, today’s sophisticated games requireRead MoreDumbest Generation Essay942 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch on our own. Although most people are right, Google does have benefits. If someone just needs a quick way to get information, Google is good place to get started. Most people know to make sure things are doubled in places rather than just in one place though, so they know what to do about how to research. Additionally, having social media and the internet, texting, email etc., also creates more chances of writing. Most parents and teachers think that this is causing a downfall in school andRead MoreThe Father Of The Nintendo Game Boy : Gunpei Yokoi1610 Words   |  7 PagesNintendo Game Boy: Gunpei Yokoi By: James Benson There have been numerous inventors that have had their names stand the test of time. Achievements in technology that have benefited humanities health, knowledge, and even education. Not only were there inventors in those fields of technology, there are also those inventors whose inventions innovated entertainment and play, and video games are one of those inventions. We play them on our TVs, computers, portable gaming devices, and on our phones andRead MoreThe Invention Of Artificial Intelligence1668 Words   |  7 Pageshas gone into how these capabilities can be used to â€Å"better† our lives. In our lives today, we all use some form of Artificial Intelligence daily. Some of these activities include: using cellular apps (Google Maps, Siri, Cortana), playing video games, and listening to music. Although the use of Artificial Intelligence has made human life more efficient and effective, it has also insinuated reliance and unsuspecting ignorance into our minds as well, a nd we do not even see it coming. The historyRead More Media Stereotyping of Men and Women Essay951 Words   |  4 Pagesby guidelines consisting of media generated ideas and ways of living out life. Both men and women’s thinking process are being altered the negative effects of society’s mass media. For both sexes, this repeating negative exposure causes a constant downfall in self-image and creates media influenced decisions that lead to unhealthy lifestyles. The media effects the thinking process of both men and women in negative ways therefore media needs to be heavily regulated.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Today’s young men are increasingly

Four Problem That Farmers Face Free Essays

How the Government help farmers in the Bahamas Today I am going to speak momentarily on how the Bahamian government help farmers in the Bahamas. They help by giving the farmers loan to buy supplies on a broad spread of product including building supplies ,processing materials and farm vehicles such as trucks, tractors plough and a harvest machine . Usually they hold lease and dispose of agricultural land, because some farmers don’t have a land to farm on and some farmers land are so small. We will write a custom essay sample on Four Problem That Farmers Face or any similar topic only for you Order Now The more the land the more the crops can increase. For example they give about 13,869 acres of land in Andros about 11,737 acres of land in Abaco and about 10,542 land in Grand Bahama . Also the government give money to some farmers because sometime the farmers cannot afford the supplies to maintain a proper farm . For example wheel barrels , Cattles ,Fruit trees and vegetable seed. Another thing they do is allow the farmers to sue, because these days some people go on farmers land and pick their crops without permission to do so . If they keep stealing the farmers crops there will not be non for the farmers . Also the Bahamian government help with training seminars and programmes on farming livestock information to help farmers and person that is interested in farming with initative as well as what proceses are required to increase yield of crops and how to raise health livestock . When new events arise they are posted in the events section of the (BAIC)website to sentsitise public. Filling out forms and submit the register form to the (BAIC) office. The time spent at these session are one day to sometime four weeks the most. They also help us with marketing our products in the Bahamas and international corporation (BAIC) also assist by placing farmers produce on it website to make the produce available to Bahamian and foreigns. Lastly but not lease they support us with fertilizer the soil , because some land areas don’t have very good soil so are and crops will not be unable to grow properly . They are un able to grow because the soil is hard , barren and don’t have enough nutrients for the crops to grow. How to cite Four Problem That Farmers Face, Papers

Internet of Things for Future of Fog Domain-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInternet of Things for Future of Fog Domain. Answer: Abstract: In this paper, we are going to focus on the new technology which is named as Fog domain. We will also focus on the security issues which exist in the existing technology i.e. cloud computing which helps in clear understanding of the issues of fog domain. The security issues which exist with the cloud domain are operational feasibility for controlling the flow of data to the unknown third party and the user security issues exist with the deployment of different cloud models. The fog domain is the new concept in the cloud computing environment. It is the extension of the traditional cloud computing which works on the virtualized framework of network. It is capable of providing stackable storage system, pool of resources, network services, and computation facility. It is capable of managing communication between heterogeneous devices for the completion of the task. Low latency is the major advantage of using fog computing. There are some securities issues which exist with the fog computing environment are keeping trust on the fog service providers for providing internet services, managing wireless carrier system and network of base station, legitimacy of the rogue fog node, authentication for providing the network services, managing scalability between different nodes, attacks from the third party, security related with the storage of data, and others. The completion of the research study on the future of fog domain help us to review the literature available on the fog computing, explores the issues, challenges, and preferred solution to overcome the problem with the fog computing, future scope of the proposal, and lastly what are the pros and cons of implementing the fog domain over cloud computing technology. The concept of fog computing helps in providing the network services to the edge of the complete network. The fog computing is capable of providing data, storage of data, and computation of data according to the user requirement. The implementation of fog domain is advantageous for the software defined network. The study of fog computing paradigm helps in investigate the security issues and challenges which exist with the fog domain and what are the preferred solutions to resolve the security concern area of the newer technology. The undertaken research study helps us to investigate the security issues raised by the interaction of the third party to resolve it efficiently for the smooth functioning of the fog domain in sharing of files and services over the network. Keywords: Fog Domain, Cloud Domain, Software Defined Networks, and Internet of things.

Adam Walsh Act Essay Example

Adam Walsh Act Essay Example Adam Walsh Act Essay Adam Walsh Act Essay Thousands of people are sexually abused every year, however not all sex offenders are ever apprehended. There really is no description as to who is a sex offender as they can seem normal and be highly intelligent. They have been known to premeditate and to use deceptive techniques to get what they want (Cross-Tower, 2008). Many believe that sexual offenders should be monitored for the rest of their lives because statistics show that hey are likely to repeat their first offense and to ensure the safety of society. The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act requires that before a sex offender Is released from prison or three days after being release from nonpoisonous sentence that they must be registered in the sex offender registration. They must provide their name, USN, address, name and address of their employer if they have one, if they are a student they need to provide the school and address, and license plate along with car description (Public law 2006). At the same time, the state must also provide into the registry the description of the sex offender, the offense, criminal history, fingerprints, and current photograph (Public law 2006). The law also requires a classification of sex offenders which is broken down into three categories: Tier l, Tier II, and Tier Ill. Each tier Is setup with different requirements. For example, Tier Ill, sex offenders In this tier are required to update their whereabouts every three months along with malignantly life registration. Tier II ex offenders must update their whereabouts every SIX months and be registered In the database for 25 years. And the less severe Tier I only update their whereabouts once a year but must be registered for 15 years. Sex offenders in Tier II are people who have been imprisoned for more then a year and who have committed the following offenses: sex trafficking; coercion and enticement; transportation with intent to engage in criminal sexual activity; abusive sexual contact (Public law 109? 2006).

How to Get a Job as an Online High School Teacher

How to Get a Job as an Online High School Teacher Teaching online high school courses can be a full-time profession or a rewarding way to supplement your income. New online high schools start up every year, and qualified online teachers are in high demand. Typically, virtual instructors are expected to monitor students in several courses, grade assignments, interact through message boards or emails, and be available when students have questions. The curriculum for online high school classes is often pre-determined by the school and online teachers are generally expected to follow a particular syllabus for each course. How to Qualify for Positions Teaching High School Online Online charter schools are publicly funded and must follow some state and federal guidelines. Generally, online teachers hired by charter schools must have a valid teaching credential for the state the school is based in. Private and college-sponsored schools have more flexibility in hiring, but they also tend to favor online teachers with credentials or an impressive work history. The best online high school teachers usually have classroom teaching experience, technological competency, and excellent written communication skills. Where to Find Online High School Teaching Jobs If you want to become an online high school teacher, start by looking for jobs locally. Contact the online charter schools in your district to see if they are hiring, send in your resume, and be prepared for an in-person interview.Next, take a look at online high schools that enroll students in multiple states. Large online charter and private schools generally accept applications through the internet. Programs such as K12 and Connections Academy have streamlined application processes. Finally, try applying individually to smaller online private schools throughout the nation. Some of these programs offer online job information; others require potential employees to research the appropriate contact info and make a few phone calls. How to Stand Out as a Potential Online High School Teacher Your application probably won’t be the only one sitting on the principal’s desk. Stand out from the crowd by emphasizing your teaching experience and your ability to work in an online environment.During the application process, keep deadlines and respond to phone calls and emails promptly. Keep emails professional but not overly formal or stuffy. Resolve any technical problems (such as email attachment issues or difficulty accessing online application materials) quickly. Since ​online teaching jobs are all about virtual communication, consider every interaction with the school an opportunity to prove yourself.

History of the English Cutlery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History of the English Cutlery - Essay Example Forks do not have a very ancient history like knives or spoons as it is considered to be a very recent invention. It is very surprising that we humans are still in the process of learning how to utilize this modern eating utensil. To my utter surprise, it is also said that the way we use a fork can also tell a lot about our personality and major concerns of life such as religion, manliness, inner traits etc. Knives and spoons are the initial forms of eating utensils. Knives that resembled hand-held ax were used in olden times to scrape off meat whereas spoons were used to dig in liquids. The first use of forks is seen during the Greek empire that used large forks to take food out of the big boiling pots. It should be noted here that in the Greek empire the use of fork was limited and it did not make its way to their dining table and most people preferred to use their hands, spoons or knives. The reason why folks were not used by the people was that of the shape it had and the name it bore. A fork resembles a devils pitchfork from which it also derived its name. The association of the fork with the devil has bought a sense of hatred amongst the people. A Venetian princess used to use forks to eat as she didn’t like to eat through her hands. When the princess died plague many people considered it to be a reprimand by the almighty for her act of arrogance. Such myths were always associated with the use of forks in olden times. During the middle ages, the trend changed when from Byzantine the use of cutlery traveled to France. In France, there was a monarch who had a brutal image amongst the people. She was fond of food, therefore, arranged such gatherings where food was always under the limelight. In these gatherings, spoons and knives were used for the feast but on some occasions, forks were also used to have sweets. Such occasions were quite seldom.

Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Policy - Essay Example Policies in academic institutions remain to be central in molding students through providing them with responsible conducts essential for life. However, formulating academic policies that foster pleasant interaction between policy makers and students, faculty, staff and administrators has continued to face challenges hence hindering the achievement of educators’ mission. This paper shall candidly and comprehensively review the library policies used by Arizona State University (ASU), to ascertain the practicability of such policies and recommend necessary policy-changes that can help transform the university. Arizona University formulated rule and regulation that are fundamental in guiding students toward accessing and utilizing the library resource. The library is known as a treasure-house of knowledge acquisition as it helps in stimulating the mind with its resourceful material. The library can be unpleasant to unlucky learners who cannot afford to buy the book or other reading material to enhance their learning (Doyle p. 148). Therefore, the school libraries should be easily accessible and do not exploit its users through heavy fines and inconvenient policies. ASU library is vital toward the student and the staff in general. Therefore, the policy guiding the library must be made in their interest. However, the university has continued to formulate exploitive policies towards this vital department that act like the source of knowledge. Arizona State University has made and implemented these policies: student must pay for the books they require for their studies; student, staff and facu lty also must be charges an overdue of $10.00 cost of learning and teaching material replacement after 90 day (Melnick p. 179). The university also implements other fines such as recall for the material at $10, reserves cost at $1.00 per hour to $20 per item, community card holder at $10.00 billing fees and should

MALARIA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MALARIA - Research Paper Example The disease was first effectively managed from the early 17th Century following the understanding of Quinine by Jesuit Priests through their interaction with indigenous tribes of the New World. The cause of the disease remained unknown until 1880. That year Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, a French army surgeon, became the first person to propose that the disease was caused by organisms he had observed in malaria-infected blood. Further discoveries over the course of the Century yielded that the disease were caused by Plasmodium species and was spread by mosquitoes. During that period, other antimalarial treatments were discovered. From the 1960s onwards, there were global eradication efforts conducted mainly through outdoor and indoor spraying of insecticides by DDT and other insecticides to control mosquitoes and other pests. However, this had detrimental effects on the environment primarily on the climate and on local fauna and increased resistance from insecticides by mosquitoes. In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 1.2 billion people are at high risk of malaria. They also estimated that from 198 million malaria cases worldwide, the disease caused an estimated 584,000 deaths with Ninety percent of the deaths occurring in Africa (World Health Organization, 2014). Malaria in humans is caused by four Protozoan species: Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium falciparum. Of the four species, the most common forms are P. vivax and P. falciparum with P. falciparum being the most deadly. P. falciparum contributes to 75% of reported cases and deaths and P. vivax around 20%. P. knowlesi causes malaria in primates. An infected female Anopheles mosquito is the primary host for the disease. On fertilization, female mosquitoes feed on blood to support egg development. By feeding on an infected person, the secondary host, the female mosquito is

Role of Triage in Emergency Care

Role of Triage in Emergency Care OVERVIEW There is a consensus on the fact that there has been a significant increase in traffic to emergency rooms which has resulted in rapidly growing demand on the limited resources of emergency rooms worldwide. In 1980, there were more than 82 million visit to hospital Emergency rooms in the USA, and a large percentage were for non urgent medical conditions. One reason for this trend is that people know they can get medical attention immediately in the Emergency departments without the long wait for appointments. This has led to very high load of patients visit to emergency rooms; a pattern that holds true globally for non urgent patient visits to most pediatric emergency rooms ( Wilson FO etal ). Another reason given for overcrowding is the increase rural to urban migration of populations and also the increase in the standard of care provided in most emergency room. However, the resulting increase in demand for emergency medical care has not been matched by availability of resources in most healthcare systems and hence there is need for emergency room managers to adopt or develop tools and protocols to prioritize the urgency and acuity of conditions to allocate appropriate level of care. If this is not done, then there is a likelihood that very ill patients may end up waiting long hours with increased risk of morbidity and some may even die as a result of delay in life saving treatment or interventions. (Mirjam van veen and Harriette a Moll) DEFINITION Triage as a term actually originates from the French verb ‘trier’, which translates ‘to sort’. It was originally used by the military as a concept to deal with large number of casualties managed by very few human and material resources. The decision is made to prioritize who had the best chance of survival, and what level of care for the survivors (LE Slay,WG Rislan ) In the last 20 years, this concept has become applicable in response to the increasing traffic to the emergency rooms and several tools have been developed to assess, prioritize and sort patients coming to the emergency department according to a determined severity of illness or injury, the level of suffering, the likely prognosis and need for intervention with available resources. It must be clarified, that triage in itself is not a diagnostic tool but a systematically structured and methodical way of assessing the severity of patients conditions to determine their clinical priorities using their presenting symptoms and measurable physiological parameters and it aims to optimize the provision of emergency care efficiently to produce the best outcome for every patient by channeling patients to appropriate level and quality of care. Hence the factors that are considered are severity of illness, level of urgency and impact of life saving intervention to reduce mortality, as well as level of care needed baring limited resources. These factors can be measured objectively using mortality rate, number of admissions to critical care unit and wards as well as patients referred to low urgency care services. The development of different assessment scoring systems and other pediatric-specific scales were attempts to have an objective approach to the assessment of severity acuity and to help predict illness or injury outcomes in children. Hence the Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale, the Yale Observation Scale, the Pediatric Trauma Score, the PRISM score (Pediatric Risk of Mortality score), different pain scales and various respiratory severity scoring systems were all attempts to provide common nomenclature and standardize the assessment of severity of sickness and to predict prognosis in the pediatric age group. However in practice the emergency room triage nurse needs a comprehensive, simple and efficient acuity stratificaton of the severity, to make rapid and effective decisions(Dieckmann, 2002). These led to development of various decision making tools or triage scales. Gerber Zimmerman and McNair had tried to described triage as simply a rating of patients clinical urgency, that eventually evolved into 2 levels of urgent, and non urgent. Triage scales are hence developed with the aim to rapidly identify very urgent cases requiring immediate or urgent life saving treatment, or efficiently direct them to appropriate level of care, and the variations of triage scales are due to functional differences in service provision as well as availability of resources. Though there is no fail proof scale of stratification because invariably cultural adaptations, level of sophistication of data collection, personal and environmental factors do influence every measurement tool. (Christ et al 2010 as per Azeredo et al) Fittzgerald in his doctoral thesis in 1989, showed it is actually a far more complex decision making tool using defined criteria to classify patients as either a simple 3, 4 or 5 level urgency scale, pioneering the objective distinction of the earlier urgency scales(Fitzgerald GT. Emergency department triage. Department of Medicine. Queensland, Australia: University of Queensland, 1989.) TRIAGE IN CHILDREN Laskowski-Jones and Salati (2000) had strongly elucidated that children should not be seen as little adults and must not be treated as such by healthcare professionals. This is because of obvious anatomical, physiological, as well as emotional and intellectual differences between children and adults which directly alter the presentation of this group of patients in the emergency department[Laskowski-Jones]. This makes it inapplicable to use adult triage criteria for children of pediatric age due to unique clinic-pathological characteristics that creates the potential for sudden and rapid deterioration when children present to the Emergency department, creating an absolute necesity for very accurate focused triage. There are evidence that in mixed emergency departments, adults tend to ‘be seen earlier than equally ill children resulting in unacceptable waiting times for very ill children, therefore again creating a need for specific pediatric triage scales.(Cain P, Waldrop RD, Jones J; improved pediatric patient flow in a general emergency department by altering triage criteria. Acad Emerg Med 3:65-71, 1996) The UKs Manchester Triage Systems MTS, the USAs Emergency Severity Index ESI, the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale CTAS, and the Australian(National ) Triage Scale, the most widely used triage scales and by consensus the most studied were all eventually modified to contain specific parts for children, are all also made of five level of triage urgencies (van Veen and Moll) It is important to note that none of them had been developed ‘de novo’ specifically for the pediatric age group. The initial three-level systems which predominated in the United States typically used either levels 1, 2, and 3 or emergent–urgent–nonurgent classification assignments. These methods are driven by the underlying question, ‘‘How long can patients wait?’’ When evaluated, these three-level methods had been found to be highly unreliable and have been criticized because they lack validation with clinical outcomes. (Travers DA, Waller AE, Bowling JM, Flowers D,) The 5-level scales provided a better discriminated tool for pediatric patient triage in emergency department, which was shown to be more efficient in predicting resources utilizations including hospital admissions, length of stay, and resourse utilization.(Chang, Hsu) Though 5-level scales are similar to the adults, but they have pediatric clinic-pathological parameters. Level 1 is critical, level 2 is emergent, level 3 is urgent, level 4 is non-urgent and level 5 is fast track.(O’Neil KA, Molczan K: Pediatric triage: a tier, 5-level system in the United States. Pediatr Emerg Care 19:285-290, 2003) The MTS is a five-level scale that incorporates the UK National Triage Scale. It was developed in 1996 and then revised ten years later after thorough input by various experts.(Mackway-Jones et al 2006). Though it was designed predominantly for adults, the MTS eventually adapted six flow charts that relate specifically to children and hence in 2007 it became endorsed by the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN? What is already established is that the true functional capability of an effective triage system is determined by their reliability and validity. Reliability is measured as both inter rater reliability which is a measure of the agreement between two or more separate individuals using the same scale. It is an affirmation that the agreement is beyond that presented by chance, and this can be statistically determined and analyzed using Cohen’s kappa k. Where K is equal to 1 if the raters are in perfect agreement, and K is equal to 0 if their agreement is absolutely by chance. So k is rated from 0.1-0.9 ( as poor to excellent agreement). Intra rater reliability measures the agreement of one triage rater agreeing on the same level of urgency when two different cases of same scenario present on separate occasions. Validity is a determination that a conclusion of a true urgency is in fact the true value for every clinical presentation. Whereas internal validity measures of the ability of the triage system to predict this true urgency within a system, external validity measures its reproducibility in a different setting. Hence experts agree that any triage has to have these characteristics to be seen as a legitimate tool of assessment and to perform as intended [Fernandez C]. It is also known that the four major triage scales, the MTS, ESI, CTAS, and ATS have been studied and validated for both internal validity and reliability in adults and have been used in ED triage by different health institutions. Some studies reported that the MTS and the Pediatric-CTAS both seem to be valid and reliable to triage children in pediatric emergency care. (Ma, Gafni and Goldman)This has been confirmed by van Veen and Moll in another review in 2009. The CTAS enables rapid stratification of patients at the time of first encounter based on 5 levels of urgency (risk and symptom severity). Each level has a targeted waiting period until the patient is examined by the doctor or to be reassessed again in the triage area to consider the possibility of waiting longer or to be seen immediately by the physician. The standards recommended by CTAS is that waiting time is 0 minutes for level 1, 15 minutes for level 2, 30 minutes for level 3, 60 minutes for level 4, and 120 minutes for level 5. (Murray M, Bullard M, Grafstein E; CTAS National Working Group; CEDIS National Working Group. Revisions to the Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale implementation guidelines. CJEM 2004, 6: 421-427.)

Social Concerns in the Romantic Period :: essays research papers

In the Romantic period, many authors make references to different social concerns. This enabled the authors to hint towards different concerns in their writing, but not come directly out and state their concerns. Three great examples of authors like this include: William Blake, Robert Burns, and Anna Laetitia Barbauld. Each of these authors had unique concerns that they were able to get across in their own way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blake wrote two poems with entitled â€Å"Chimney Sweeper.† One version was found in his ‘Songs of Innocence’ and the other was found in ‘Songs of Experience.’ Although the first was told with a child almost in mind, and the second was told in a darker, colder point-of-view, they both contain the same concern. This concern is having very young children working as chimney sweepers. Blake talks about how you boys are almost forced into this career   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"When my mother died I was very young,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And my father sold me while yet my tongue,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Could scarcely cry â€Å"’weep! ‘weep! ‘weep! ‘weep!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So your chimney’s I sweep and in soot I sleep† This was a horrible was to live, yet hundreds and hundreds of little children do this work on a daily basis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another author that alluded to social concerns in his writing is Robert Burns. His poem, â€Å"To a Mouse† makes references to different classes and the effects of social order on them. The poem tells a simple story of a mouse who builds a house to with-hold winter, only to have it knocked down by a man with his plow. Now although its house is gone, the mouse doesn’t seem horribly bothered by it. In the more complex story, the mouse represents the lower class, and the former with the plow represents the upper class. To the lower class material possessions do not surround their life as they do in the lives of the upper class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Best-laid schemes o’ mice an’ men   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gong aft a-gley,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An’ lea’ us naught but grief an’ pain,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For promised Joy.† Burns starts out life in the lower class, but due to the high success of his poems he ends up more in the middle class. This poem is a way for him to show how he feels life was better when he was in the lower class, because he didn’t have to worry about the things he worries about in the upper middle class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Barbauld tried to get across some of the responsibilities of women in the nineteenth century through her poem, ‘Washing-Day.